Masculinities, 2nd Edition

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Denborough, David (1996), "Step by step: Developing respectful and effective ways of working with young men to reduce violence", in McLean, Christopher; Carey, Maggie; White, Cheryl (eds.), Men's ways of being, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, pp. 91–116, ISBN 9780813326535 Levant, Ronald F.; Wong, Y. Joel (2017). The Psychology of Men and Masculinities. Washington: American Psychological Association. ISBN 978-1-43-382690-0.

Masculinities – Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies Masculinities – Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies

The Australian Sociological Association Distinguished Service Award for services to Sociology in Australia (2007) [33] Addis, Michael E. (September 2008). "Gender and depression in men". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 15 (3): 153–168. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.556.642. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00125.x.a b c d Laemmle, Julie (February 2013). "Barbara Martin: Children at Play: Learning Gender in the Early Years (book review)". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 42 (2): 305–307. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9871-7. S2CID 141133335. Willis, Paul (1977). Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Farnborough, England: Saxon House. OCLC 692250005. a b c d e f g h i j k l Hooper, Charlotte (July 1999). "Masculinities, IR and the 'gender variable': a cost-benefit analysis for (sympathetic) gender sceptics". Review of International Studies. 25 (3): 475–480. doi: 10.1017/s0260210599004751. S2CID 145630038.

Masculinities - Raewyn Connell - Google Books Masculinities - Raewyn Connell - Google Books

Herdt, Gilbert (1981). Guardians of the flutes: idioms of masculinity. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780070283152.a b Collier, Richard (1998). Masculinities, crime, and criminology: men, heterosexuality, and the criminal(ised) other. London Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. ISBN 9780803979970. A lifespan perspective must be considered when discussing gender normalization. But one must also consider cultural hegemony in this stage of the lifespan as a child develops more of an understanding of their culture and begins to display original ideas of cultural norms as well as social norms. [40] According to the constructivist emphasis, the man/woman dichotomy is not the "natural" state, but rather a potent metaphor in Western cultures. [41] Building social relationships and developing individuality are essential benchmarks for this age of middle childhood, which ranges from eight years old to puberty. A young boy is trying to navigate falling within the social structure that has been laid out for him, which includes interacting with both sexes, and a dominant notion of maleness. The gender environmentalism, which emphasizes the role of societal practices in generating and maintaining gender differentiation, still plays a part in this stage of life, but is possibly more influenced by immediate and close interactions with boys close to their age. [40] The boys organize themselves in a hierarchical structure in which the high-status boys decide what is acceptable and valued – that which is hegemonically masculine – and what is not. A boy's rank in the hierarchy is chiefly determined by his athletic ability. [42]

Masculinities - R. W. Connell - Google Books Masculinities - R. W. Connell - Google Books

Connell is best known outside Australia for studies of the social construction of masculinities. She was one of the founders of this research field, [23] and her book "Masculinities" (1995, 2005) is the most-cited in the field. Hegemonic masculinity, a theory developed by Raewyn Connell, has had a significant impact on feminist sociology. In their critique of the sex-role theory, [24] Connell and her co-authors claim that the emphasis on internalized norms, attitudes, and behaviors of society obscures structural inequalities and power dynamics and misrepresents the gendering process. For instance, girls and women are frequently expected to behave politely, be accommodating, and be caring. Men are typically supposed to be powerful, combative, and fearless. Gender role expectations exist in every country, ethnic group, and culture, although they can vary greatly among them. [25] The concept of hegemonic masculinity has been particularly influential and has attracted much debate. [26] She has been an advisor to UNESCO and UNO initiatives relating men, boys and masculinities to gender equality and peacemaking. Traditionally, the man of the family was seen as the breadwinner and the female looked after the children and all duties associated with the household.” (Connell). Because of the many financial challenges in today’s society, the concept of Masculinity has flopped as women are now taking on higher paid jobs and are taking care of themselves rather than in the past that wasn’t accepted. Some men today even have problems trying to find employment and stay home because of it. Women are more educated than men in today’s society as well and that is a big influence on this phenomena. Masculinities are those behaviours, languages and practices, existing in specific cultural and organisational locations, which are commonly associated with men, thus culturally defined as not feminine 64.

Research shows that violence plays an integral and complex role in male identity, and that it is an accepted and normal part of many boys’ lives and experiences. Young men tend to refer to violence primarily in relation to men’s violence towards other men. Violence has been seen as a way to assert one’s masculinity in front of other men, or a way of dealing with things that might challenge aspects of masculinity and cause a feeling of shame. 71 Kostas, Marios (2018). "Snow White in Hellenic primary classrooms: children's responses to non-traditional gender discourses" (PDF). Gender and Education. 30 (4): 530–548. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2016.1237619. S2CID 54912000.